SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

 Series and parallel circuits

            1.In learning about electrical science, we know the term electric circuit. The electric circuit itself is a series that describes the flow of electrons from the voltage source. The flow of electrons in general terms is referred to as an electric current. This process of flow of electrons or electric current is what we often refer to as electricity. An electric circuit is flowed by a medium that contains an electric current conductor such as a conductor. A circuit has several electrical flow path designs. The electric circuit is divided into two, namely a series circuit and a parallel circuit.

In electricity, a series circuit is defined as a series arranged in a parallel manner. It is said to be a series because the arrangement is arranged in a series. So that in this circuit there is only one electric current path. The circuit is installed parallel and sequentially. Therefore, this circuit does not find any branching currents.

The circuit above is an example of a series circuit. There are three lamps as resistors on one cable line with one current source, namely a battery that is assembled so that it can form a series. In a series circuit, a strong current will flow from an existing energy source (battery) from one resistance to another through one cable. Pay attention, the picture above. Then, imagine that there is an electric current flowing from the battery, towards resistance 1, to resistance 2, and resistance 3, then turning and returning to the battery. Usually a series of electrical circuits can be found on the battery in the flashlight. When one of the lights goes out, all the lights will also go out. This is common in series electrical circuits.

In solving series circuit problems, it is necessary to know in advance about the electric current formula. The formula for electric current or so-called in Ohm's law was coined by a German physicist, Georg Simon Ohm, which reads: "The current in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage at the ends of the circuit and is inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit". In a series current circuit, the electric current flows equally to each resistor that is attached.

2. In this modern era, electricity is a very important requirement for life. In fact, almost all human activities require a source of electricity so that it seems as if electricity is a wheel in everyday life. However, many of the people who still do not understand electricity, especially the basics of electricity, for example, are parallel circuits. Knowledge of parallel series is something that is commonly used by everyone. An example of this is when someone has to install a lamp in a house.

What do you know about parallel circuits? In electrical science, a parallel circuit is a model circuit known in the field of electricity. A parallel circuit is simply defined as an electrical circuit whose parts are all connected in sequence. As a result, in a parallel circuit a branch is formed between the sources of the electric current which is why this circuit is called a branched circuit. All branches in this circuit can be passed by an electric current. In each branch, the electrical components are installed, so that each component has its own current and branch. This current flows through all the electrical components that are attached together. Parallel circuits are needed when we adjust the electric current, by dividing it by changing the load that passes at each branch.

The other type of circuit is the pralel series. Based on the following figure, this circuit is called a parallel circuit, because it is an electrical circuit whose components are arranged parallel where there is more than one electrical path (branching) in parallel. An example is in this circuit which has 3 lights where there is a switch cable for each lamp and a battery as shown below. So when the switch on one of the lamps is opened, that right does not cause the other lights not to go out, but only the lights that go out. To find the number of obstacles in this series,use the formula:

R = ¹ / R 1 + ¹ / R 2+ ¹ / R ...... And to find the voltage that flows you can use the formula:

V = I  × R 

Parallel circuit properties

• The more loads (resistance) that are paralleled in the circuit, the smaller the total resistance

• The current through resistance varies

• Kirchoff's law 1

In the mid-19th century Gustav Robert Kirchoff (1824 - 1887) discovered a way to determine the electric current in a branched circuit which became known as Kirchoff's Law. Kirchoff's Law 1:

"The amount of current coming out of the branch point is equal to the amount of current that comes out of the branching point".

• The voltage at each resistance is the same

After knowing Kirchor's law, mix it with Ohm's law, namely V = I. R, then we get "in parallel circuits the voltage at each load is the same"

 The disadvantages of a parallel circuit are:

• wasteful of cables and switches

• Complicated installation

The advantages of parallel circuits:

• if one lamp goes out the other remains lit.

• lights are equally bright

 Parallel circuit function:

Parallel circuits are used as a current dividing method in rheostats.

Used in every Home installation.